Management Yesterday and Today Essay

When identifying unit process inputs and outputs, try to talk with employees working with those processes. However, while these employees will give good information, some inputs and waste outputs may be overlooked because they are too familiar with the process. Talk to other employees and, perhaps more importantly, walk around the business premises and take a good look. For every input, there must be a corresponding output. Make sure that there is an output for each input to a unit process. If there is a weight change in a raw material or product, account for the difference and make sure it is included in the input/output diagram. Remember all wash water, atmospheric emissions, dust and any pollution. Balancing inputs and outputs is a useful method of tracking down waste outputs that may otherwise be overlooked. On the other hand, system in supermarkets depend on employees, suppliers, customers and even the competition for research, development and profit. Because the business doesn’t have control af all the environmental forces, it relies on predictions and contingencies to cope with unempected input. During the 1960s, researchers began to analyse organisations from a systems perspective, a concept taken from the physical sciences. A system is a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. The two basic types of systems are closed and open. Closed systems are not influenced by, and do not interact with, their environment. In contrast, open systems dynamically interact with their environment. Today, when we describe organisations as systems, we mean open systems. An organization takes in inputs (resources) from the environment and transforms or processes these resources into outputs that are distributed into the environment. The orga nisation is ‘open’ to, and interacts with, that environment (Robbins, Stagg, Bergman & Coulter, 2008, p. 52). System researchers envisioned an organisation as being made up of ‘interdependent factors, including individuals, groups, attitudes, motives, formal structure, interactions, goals, status, and authority’. What this means is  that managers coordinate the work activities of the various parts of the organisation and ensure that all the interdependent parts of the organisation are working together so that the organisation’s goals can be achieved. For example, the systems approach would recognise that, no matter how efficient the production department might be, if the marketing department does not anticipate changes in customer tastes and work with the product development department in creating products customers wants, the organisation’s overall performance will suffer (Robbins, Stagg, Bergman & Coulter, 2008, p. 52). In addition, the systems approach implies that decisions and actions taken in one organisational area will affect others, and vice versa. For example, if the purchasing department does not acquire the right quantity and quality of inputs, the production department will not be able to do its job effectively (Robbins, Stagg, Bergman & Coulter, 2008, p. 53). Finally, the systems approach recognises that organisations are not self-contained. They rely on their environments for essential inputs and as sources to absorb their outputs (Robbins, Stagg, Bergman & Coulter, 2008, p. 53).

Topics History

Choosing one of the following topics, you will write a 750 to 1 000 word paper based on the reading of Pocahontas and the Phaeton Dilemma. This paper must be computer generated, double-spaced, with standard one-inch margins and 12 pat. Font. Papers must answer the question(s) using at least two (2), and no more than three (3), quotes from the book that are properly cited. Quotes can be no longer than three (3) sentences. Please reference the Essay Guidelines handout and the citations handout, both of which can be mound on Blackboard.Both handouts will provide you with more specific instructions regarding style, citations, and organization. 1) What exactly is the Phaeton dilemma? In answering this question, describe the various ways that both Pocahontas and the other peoples of Phaeton's confederacy attempted to resolve this problem. What consequences resulted from their methods? Or 2) How does this book present an alternate story about Pocahontas that challenges the traditional stor y found in previous books, movies, and Disney orators.Please provide evidence for your argument (answer) using quotes from the Townsend book. Note: Each paper must have a title page and a bibliography. Papers must have a strong and clear introduction, use solid topic sentences in the body of the paper to introduce each part of your argument in answering the question, and a clear and concise conclusion which ties the paper together. Papers that fail to address any of these requirements will have points deducted accordingly.

Galsworthy – to Let

Ga John Galsworthy (1867 — 1933) TO LET (1922) This novel is the last volume of the Forsyte Saga. It marks both the end of the first stage in the development of the Forsytes and the beginning of the second, post-war stage in the chronicles of their doings. That final stage is the subject of Galsworthy's second trilogy, the Modern Comedy, where the younger generation of the Forsytes are depicted against the background of England's post-war decay. In the following extract the novelist holds up to ridicule the decadence of modem art.He puts his ideas into the mouth of Soames Forsyte whom he formerly satirized as the â€Å"man of property†. Soames's scornful bewilderment at sight of Expressionist paintings renders to a certain degree the feelings of the novelist himself. CHAPTER I Encounter Arriving at the Gallery off Cork Street, however, he paid his shilling, picked up a catalogue, and entered. Some ten persons were prowling round. Soames took steps and came on what looke d to him like a lamp-post bent by collision with a motor omnibus. It was advanced some three paces from the wall, and was described in his catalogue as â€Å"Jupiter†.He examined it with curiosity, having recently turned some of his attention to sculpture. â€Å"If that's Jupiter,† he thought, â€Å"I wonder what Juno's like. † And suddenly he saw her, opposite. She appeared to him like nothing so much as a pump with two handles, lightly clad in snow. He was still gazing at her, when two of the prowlers halted on his left. â€Å"Epatant†[1] be heard one say. â€Å"Jargon! † growled Soames to himself. The other boyish voice replied: â€Å"Missed it,[2] old bean;[3] he's pulling your leg. When Jove and Juno created he them,[4] he was saying: â€Å"I’ll see how much these fools will swallow†.And they’ve lapped up a lot. †[5] â€Å"You young duffer[6]! Vospovitch is an innovator. Don’t you see that he’s brough t satire into sculpture? The future of plastic art, of music, painting, and even architecture, has set in satiric. It was bound to. People are tired – the bottom’s tumbled out of sentiment. † â€Å"Well, I’m quite equal to taking a little interest in beauty. I was through the war. You’ve dropped your handkerchief, sir. † Soames saw a handkerchief held out in front of him. He took it with some natural suspicion, and approached it to his nose.It had the right sent – of distant Eau de Cologne – and his initials in a corner. Slightly reassured, he raised his eyes to the young man’s face. It had rather fawn-like ears, a laughing mouth, with half a toothbrush growing out of it on each side, and small lively eyes above a normally dressed appearance. â€Å"Thank you,† he said; and moved by a sort of irritation, added: â€Å"Glad to hear you like beauty; that’s rare, nowadays. † â€Å"I dote on it,† sai d the young man; â€Å"but you and I are the last of the old guard, sir. † Soames smiled. If you really care for pictures,† he said, â€Å"here’s my card. I can show you some quite good ones any Sunday, if you’re down the river and care to look in. † â€Å"Awfully nice of you, sir. I’ll drop in like a bird[7]. My name’s Mont – Michael. † And he took off his hat. Soames, already regretting his impulse, raised his own slightly in response, with a downward look at the young man’s companion, who had a purple tie, dreadful little sluglike whiskers, and a scornful look – as if he were a poet! It was the first indiscretion he had committed for so long that he went and sat down in an alcove.What had possessed him to give his card to a rackety[8] young fellow, who went about with a thing like that? And Fleur, always at the back of his thoughts, started out like a filigree figure from a clock when the hour strikes. On the screen opposite the alcove was a large canvas with a great many square tomato-coloured blobs on it, and nothing else, so far as Soames could see from where he sat. He looked at his catalogue: â€Å"No. 32 — ‘The Future Town' — Paul Post. † â€Å"I suppose that's satiric too,† he thought. â€Å"What a thing! † But his second impulse was more cautious. It did not do to condemn hurriedly.There had been those stripey, streaky creations of Monet's[9], which had turned out such trumps; and then the stippled school,[10] and Gauguin* [11]. Why, even since the Post-Impressionists[12] there had been one or two painters not to be sneezed at. During the thirty-eight years of his connoisseur's life, indeed, he had marked so many â€Å"movements†, seen the tides of taste and technique so ebb and flow, that there was really no telling anything except that there was money to be made out of every change of fashion. This too might quite well be a c ase where one must subdue primordial instinct, or lose the market.He got up and stood before the picture, trying hard to see it with the eyes of other people. Above the tomato blobs was what he took to be a sunset, till some one passing said: â€Å"He's got the airplanes wonderfully, don't you think! † Below the tomato blobs was a band of white with vertical black stripes, to which he could assign no meaning whatever, till some one else came by, murmuring: â€Å"What expression he gets with his foreground! † Expression? Of what? Soames went back to his seat. The thing was â€Å"rich†, as his father would have said, and he wouldn't give a damn for it.Expression! Ah! they were all Expressionists[13] now, he had heard, on the Continent. So it was coming here too, was it? He remembered the first wave of influenza in 1887 — or 8 — hatched in China, so they said. He wondered where this —this Expressionism — had been hatched. The thing was a regular disease! , ? -, , ? . . ? -, , ? . ? ? â€Å"†. ? , ? . â€Å" , – , – † ? , , ? . ? , . ? , , ? , . – ! – . – ! – . : – , ! . , , , : â€Å", †. ? ? . – , ! – . , ? , , , – ? . . : . – . ? ? . ? . , . . ? ? ? ? . – , ? . . . ? , ? . ? . – , – ?, , : – , ; ? . – ? , – . – ? , , . . ? , . ? ? , , , . – ? , . . , . . , ? , ? . , , , ? – , ! ? ?, , ? . - , ? ? , , , ? . , ? -, , – ? , . ? : N 32, â€Å" † – . â€Å", , – . – ? ! † . ? . – ? – ; ? , ? - , . , , â€Å"†, ? ? ? , ? : . , ? , ? , . ? ? , . - , , - : â€Å" , † , , , - ? : â€Å" ! † ? ? ? . †, – ? . ! , , . , , ? . ? , , , . ? , , ! Analysis In this description of Soames's impressions of a gallery stocked with pieces of modern art Galsworthy's realism is displayed to great advantage.Within a very few pages the reader gets a vivid notion not only of the new school in painting, but also of the man who is so indignant with it. On the one hand his disgust and his perplexity throw light on the fictitious masterpieces and their false standards of beauty; on the other hand those masterpieces become an efficient means of characterizing Soames himself. The same end is served by the contrast between the soundness of his judgement and the flightiness, the restlessness of those of the new generation who delight in such works of art.Abundance of thought and feeling in a short passage where nothing much actually happens, dislike of emphasis and pathos is an important feature of Galsworthy's quiet and restrained art. His intense contempt for the mannerisms of modern painting is not poured out either in withering sarcasm or in grotesque exaggeration, but finds an outlet in a tone of matter-of-fact irony. The supposed statues of Jupiter and Juno are to Soames just â€Å"a lamp-post bent by collision with a motor omnibus† and â€Å"a pump with two handles† respectively.Seen through the eyes of hard common-sense, brought down to the crudest elements, these statues appear particularly ridiculous. The same process of reducing a complex whole — a pretentious picture of â€Å"The Future Town† — to a number of primitive daubs serves to expose the futility of Expressionist art. However hard Soames tries, he can see nothing but â€Å"a great man y square tomato-coloured blobs† and â€Å"a band of white with vertical black stripes†. The very sound of the word â€Å"blob†, imitating the dripping of some liquid, is derogatory here and suggests that the paint was dropped on the canvas anyhow.This plain sensible view is comically opposed to the enthusiasm of other and younger spectators who seem to observe a wonderful picture of airplanes in the red blobs and a peculiar â€Å"expression† in the black and white stripes. The false pretences of the picture bearing the pompous name of â€Å"The Future Town† are the more clearly revealed as Soames anxiously does his best to go abreast of the times and make his taste sufficiently up to date. The harder the beholder's efforts to appreciate, the clearer the painter's failure to succeed.Soames's business instincts are well expressed in his fear to misunderstand the exhibits and so miss an opportunity for profit. Thus, even when Galsworthy does make a mou thpiece of his hero, the latter's utterances, however close they come to the author's opinions, are appropriate to the personality of the speaker and come convincing from his lips. It is Galsworthy himself who has no respect for Expressionism, but Soames voices that feeling in a way peculiarly Forsytean: he is afraid to trust his eminently healthy taste, his own sense of beauty, for, as he reminds himself, â€Å"it did not do to condemn hurriedly.There had been those stripey, streaky creations of Monet’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These words make part of a prolonged inner monologue, which in the later volumes of the Forsyte Saga and in the whole of the Modern Comedy becomes Galsworthy’s favourite method of characterization. The inner speech of the hero is indissolubly linked with the author’s comments, so much so, really, that when speaking of Soames, for example, Galsworthy resorts to expressions entirely suitable to Soames (â€Å"His second impulse was more cautiousâ₠¬ , â€Å"He remembered the first wave of influenza in 1887 — or 8 — hatched in China, so they said†).With Galsworthy the inner monologue is different from what it is, say, in Meredith's books. For one thing, the author of the Forsyte Saga uses it much more often. For another thing, he interferes with his comments much less than his predecessor. Lastly, the language of the monologues (particularly when they are Soamse’s) is much more concise and laconic, utterly devoid of sentiment. It is quite free of abstract terms, and is exceedingly terse, practical and full of idiomatic constructions commonly used in everyday speech (â€Å"painters not to be sneezed at†, â€Å"they had turned out such trumps† etc. . Soames the businessman makes himself heard when in the meditations on art practical considerations come to the top: â€Å"there was money to be made out of every change of fashion†, â€Å"lose the market† and others. Even his metaphors, when they put in an appearance, are few and definitely â€Å"low† – as, for instance, the comparison of Expressionism to influenza hatched in China: â€Å"He wondered where this — this Expressionism — had been hatched. The thing was a regular disease! These metaphors are born out of Soames ‘s disgust for what he considers a corruption of art and are therefore significant of his attitude towards painting: they prove that Soames had esthetic criteria of his own and was capable of disinterested appreciation. Besides the inner monologue and characterization through surroundings, Galsworthy, ever resourceful in his search for the realistic approach, makes ample use of the dialogue as an efficient means to let his characters speak for themselves without the author's interference.In the present excerpt Soames unexpectedly finds himself involved in a talk with young strangers, one of whom is an advocate of â€Å"extreme† innovation of art . Their speech might be described as a curious combination of vulgar colloquialisms (â€Å"duffer†, â€Å"to lap up†, â€Å"the bottom's tumbled out of sentiment†) with bookish and learned phraseology (â€Å"innovator†, â€Å"plastic art†, â€Å"to bring satire into sculpture†), of English and French slang (â€Å"old bean†, â€Å"to pull somebody's leg†, â€Å"epatant†) with solemn parody of Biblical constructions (â€Å"Jove and Juno created he them†).Exaggeration (â€Å"awfully nice of you†, â€Å"I dole on it [beauty]†) goes hand in hand with understatement (â€Å"I'm quite equal to taking a little interest in beauty†). Galsworthy perfectly realized, — indeed, he was one of the first writers to do so — that the flippant manner and the crude speech of post-war young people was the result of a severe shock of disillusionment: they were so disappointed with those fine words that, used to go with a fine show of public feeling that for them â€Å"the bottom had tumbled out of sentiment†, and satire both in art and in mode of talk seemed to be the only possible alternative.Their manner of speaking, cynical, affectedly coarse, substituting descriptive slangy catchwords for the proper names of things, is strongly contrasted to Soames's formal, plain speech with his habit of giving things their common standard meanings and never saying more than is strictly necessary. The contrast in manner and speach habits is of great importance in lending vitality to both interlocutors, in stressing the immense difference between the younger men’s irresponsibility and rootlessness and Soames's resolute clinging to property, his dogged hold on life.As a follower of a realist tradition, Galsworthy never fails in attaching special significance to the tiniest details: Soames approaches his handkerchief, that Michael had picked up for him, to his nose to make sure it is really his — with that suspiciousness that is so characteristic of the Forsytes.He raises his hat only slightly in parting from young Mont and looks downward at his companion, for he is naturally distrustful of new acquaintances and inclined to be no more than coldly polite (raising his hat ever so little) and supercilious — in looking down upon anybody whom he does not recognize as his equals and half expects to be troublesome. All these little things are very suggestive of that fear of giving oneself away that Galsworthy elsewhere described as a feature by which it is as easy to tell a Forsyte as by his sense of property.Galsworthy's realism does not only lie in his capacity for making his hero part and parcel of his surroundings and convincing the reader of his typicality: he is a fine artist in reproducing the individual workings of his characters' minds. Soames, the man of property, is also a man of deep and lasting feelings. Such is his devotion to his daughte r Fleur, who was â€Å"always at the back of his thoughts† and â€Å"started out like a filigree figure from a clock when the hour strikes†.Incidentally, this dainty simile, so utterly unlike the matter-of-factness that characterizes the usual reproduction of Soames’s prosaic mind, is expressive of the poetic colouring that Galsworthy introduces to render the strength of the affection Soames has for Fieur, As a general rule, the novelist, though following in the tracks of classical realists, breaks away from the literary polish, the fine descriptive style that was kept up to the very end of the 19th century.At the same time as Shaw, Weils, Bennett, Galsworthy starts a new tradition of bringing the language of literature (m the author’s speech, no less than in that of the personages) close to the language of real life. He does away with the elaborate syntax of 19th century prose and cultivates short, somewhat abrupt sentences, true to the rhythm and the in tonation of the spoken language and full of low colloquialisms and even slang. Tasks I. Translate into English: ) ? ; 2) -; 3) ? ; 4) ? ; 5) ; 6) ? ? ? ? ; 7) ; 8) -; 9) ; 10) ? ; 11) , ? ; 12) – , ; 13) ? ; 14) ? ; 15) ? ; 16) ; 17) ; 18) , , ? ; 19) , ; 20) , ; 21) ? . II. Answer the questions: 1) What does the description under analysis present? 2) How do Soames’s portrayal and the paintings’ presentation characterise each other? 3) What are the features of Galsworthy’s style? ) How is Galsworthy’s contempt for the mannerisms in art brought home to the reader? 5) How are the statues brought to ridicule by the author? 6) What view is Soames’s approach opposed to? 7) How are Soames’s business instincts expressed? 8) Is Galsworthy’s own view rendered through Soames’s voice? Do the views of the writer and his character comp letely coincide? 9) What is Galsworthy’s favourite method of characterisation? 10) How is the language of the monologues to be characterised? 11) How is the businessman revealed in Soames? 12) What are the specificities of the young strangers? 13) How are the two different manners of speech contrasted? 14) How does Galsworthy treat details? 5) How does Galsworthy reproduce the individual working of Soames’s mind? 16) What literary tradition did Galsworthy participate in starting of? ———————– [1] I ¬c ¬o ¬Ã‚ ­!  ­+ ­Z ­l ­o ­?  ­Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ­e ­e ­i ­i ­n ­?  ­o ­  ®  ®Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ®5 ®A ®B ®eOAOAOAO «Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ «? p? p? p? [F[F[F[)h{[email  protected]? yyB*[pic]CJaJmHphsH)h{uh  ¬@? yyB*[pic]CJaJmHphsH%h{uhAJaB*[pic]CJaJmHphsH%h{uh  ¬B*[pic]CJaJmHphsH)h{[email  protected] yB*[pic]CJaJmHphsH)h{uh  ¬@ yB*[pic]CJaJmHphsH)h{[email  protected]? [2]B*[pic]CJaJmHphsH)h{ uh  ¬@? [3]B*[pic]CJaJmHphsH)h{uheEpatant (French) – thrilling, wonderful [4] Missed it – here: misunderstood it [5] Old bean – old man (sl. ) [6] when Jove and Juno created he thern — a paraphrase of the Biblic story of he origin of man: â€Å"male and female created he them† [7] they've lapped up the lot — here: they have taken everything seriously [8] Duffer – fool (sl. ) [9] Drop in like a bird – come with pleasure (sl. ) [10] Rackety – light-minded, flightly [11] Claude Monet (1840-1926) – a well-known French painter of the Impressionist school [12] Stippled school – painters who painted in dots [13] Paul Gauguin (1843-1903) – French painter and sculpter [14] Post-Impressionists – painters who succeeded the Impressionists in 20th century art [15] Expressionists – artists belonging to one og the schools in art very popular in the first decades of the 20th century

Lean management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Legalizing Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

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Reflective Account - Essay Example 3. Generalised analysis and learning - moving away from the specific example, what did this raise about how the volunteering practice and theory relate to each other more generally (e.g. did a conversation raise any issues about the methods used by the agency? or about working professionally? or did the meeting or activity raise issues about policy or systems or procedures?) The conversation really made me understand the importance of volunteering practice as a bridge between theoretical work and practice. The school encourages teachers to be very close to the unique needs of students. The teachers are expected to act on the student’s needs in manners that motivate and encourage renewed energy. This was one case invoked me to place myself as the teacher in the shoes of the student in Oder to understand her predicament and act practically appropriately. Following the conversation I saw the need to follow up and assist motivate the student so as to help her develop a better self image despite the situation. My follow up will involve helping the girl adopt strategies that help her turn her situation into an opportunity to excel in her academic and general life. In future as part of my learning and development I will be more careful hewn handling learners from different social, cultural and economic backgrounds. These are factors affecting behaviour and communication among learners and as a teacher I need to be more proactive and culturally

Analyzing humer in middle passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing humer in middle passage - Essay Example rd’s statement is a bitter commentary on women, the manner in which he delivers it makes the statement palatable and could move even a female reader to laughter. The impression isn’t that woman as a whole are prone to disaster, but that Rutherford himself is unable to reconcile the responsibilities associated with relationships with his new found freedom. Later on, the reader learns that it is the idea of falling in love and losing his individuality that threatens Rutherford. He notes that: Johnson portrayal of Rutherford conveys an uncanny ability to find humor in the most tragic of circumstances. What might otherwise be viewed as a lonely and sad scenario comes across as comedic yet melancholic. For instance, Rutherford describes Isodara’s loneliness and her penchant for nurturing together with her lack of beauty. He tells the reader that: Implicit in Rutherford’s observation is a satire of a slave’s journey from slavery to freedom. The reader appreciates that Rutherford’s mind has also been freed. He is free to form his own opinions and he is free to go about his own business. With this freedom comes a lightness rather than resentment. Rutherford does not look back with ire instead he looks ahead with hope and anticipation. Everything about Rutherford is associated with a positive note and with this comes a measure of comedy where none would otherwise exist. The humor is used by Johnson to exemplify anachronism. In other words it fills the gap between Rutherford’s own situation and history and the current reader. In one scenario, Rutherford observes "his face looked, so help me, like five miles of bad Louisiana road".(Johnson, p. 54) In yet another scenario Rutherford makes light of racism via the use of anachronism by

JULIO CORTAZAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JULIO CORTAZAR - Essay Example The picture that evokes several meanings in Roberto’s mind becomes an obsession. Roberto becomes confused, he said, â€Å"Nobody really knows who is telling it, if I am I or what actually occurred or what Im seeing... or if, simply Im telling a truth which is only my truth† (Liukkonen). Cortazar’s ‘Las Babas Del Diablo’ discovers the uncertain difference between realism and its representation, illustrating to his readers that the two are merely the mind’s perception of the experience (Coupe). The 1966 movie ‘Blow Up’ by Michelangelo Antonioni, stirred worldwide curiosity when shocking sex scenes and smoking-pot vistas were featured (Waldman). The successful movie creatively questions reality and imagination. Thomas (David Hemmings) blows up the photo of the lady (Vanessa Redgrave) and the middle-aged lover in the park and finally discovers or perceives that the lover was actually lying dead on the ground and not so far away was a man in the shadows, holding a gun. Thomas believes that he actually witnessed a murder. He is able to expose pieces of reality, however, he resists searching for the truth (Waldman). Antonioni made it clear in this film that reality is non-existent if perceived objectively. Viewers have to find out for themselves the strength of their personal understanding of the film. The movie ends with scenes wherein Thomas chooses to be with the team illusionists instead of lingering in his secluded reality (Jardine). The extensive gap between the movie and the short story ranges from the theme, the setting, the protagonist’s profession, to the message (Huddleston). Cortazar’s story which happens in Paris, tags on phantasm and passion, whereas Antonioni’s film which takes place in London, speaks of the superficial faà §ade versus realism and build around it a puzzling story of murder which is left unsolved and open to the

Physics Research Assignment Essay Example for Free

Physics Research Assignment Essay Introduction The study of physics has had a large impact on the development of road safety. The study of Newtons Laws, impulse and momentum help to reduce initial momentum or decrease impulse (rate of change of momentum) to protect passengers. Technological advances and studies of vehicle crashes increase the automobile industrys understanding of the forces involved and ways of reducing effects of collisions. Within vehicles, many car safety devices are installed, such as seat belts, air bags, crumple zones and head rests. Modern road design reduces the initial or rate of change of momentum and consequently the impact of collision through crash barriers, speed zones and speed humps. Car safety devices Seatbelts Seatbelts are designed so that passengers are restrained instead of continuing to move forward at the cars speed when the brakes of a moving vehicle are applied. In this situation, there is a tendency for a body to resist changes to its motion, called inertia. (Newtons first law) The stopping force is applied to the more durable parts of the body such as hips, chest and shoulder. This is instead of the human head crashing into windshield if no seat belt is worn. Inertia reel seatbelts Inertia reel seatbelts have a cylinder that stores extra belt material on a spool. The spool turns freely normally for movement. In the event of a sudden change in velocity, a pendulum in the reel plunges forward to lock and restrain the occupant. It is named inertia reel due to the inertia of the pendulum to cause belt locking. Different types of seatbelt The lap seatbelt is tightened over the pelvis and absorbs force over a sizeable area. However they do not prevent the head and upper body from lurching forward in response to deceleration and are inadequate especially for front passengers, who risk hitting the windscreen. The lap sash seatbelt combines a lap seatbelt over the pelvis as well as over one shoulder across the chest. This greatly limits movement of the upper body and head as well as spreading the stopping force over a larger area. Shoulder harnesses restrain upper torso movement even further. Two are belts fall over the shoulders and an optional strap lies over the sternum. It is effective in the way force is spread over both shoulders compared to one shoulder in lap sash. Shoulder harnesses are usually used in child restraint systems and racing cars. The nylon webbing material in seatbelts is slightly flexible so that the stop is not as abrupt. Airbags Airbags provide an extra degree of protection in a collision by cushioning passengers in a collision, greatly limiting fatalities and serious injury. They are designed to increase the time interval during which the drivers momentum decreases in a collision to decrease the net force of the driver. They inflate when crash sensors detect large deceleration. Sensors then ignite the sodium azide, producing sodium compounds and nitrogen gas for a reactive explosion. The airbags inflate rapidly to cushion the impact of the passenger against the steering wheel, dashboard or windshield. Airbags are to be used with seatbelts, not as a replacement. A disadvantage of airbags is they provide no protection against side-on hits, only frontal collisions. More expensive cars are developing side airbags to combat this. Head rests Padded headrests provide protection in rear end collisions. When a car is rear-ended, a large net force pushes the car and it accelerates forward. The inertia, based on Newtons first law, pushes the passenger into the seat. Without a head rest for support, the head remains at rest until the spine pulls it forward. This sudden, sharp acceleration for the head causes it to fling back and results in hyperextension and whiplash injuries. Crumple Zones Many cars are designed to crumple at the front and rear. Crumple zones increase the time interval during which the momentum of the car changes during a collision, thus lessening the forces. Newtons second law (f=ma) can be applied, as increased ?time will result in a decreasing rate of deceleration a and consequently reduce force. Crumple zones are built using the integration of steel and fiberglass in the front and rear end assemblies of the automobile. Rigid structures between crumple zones protect the passenger compartment. In a collision, the crumple zones deform to slow the actual impact. The car doesnt regain all its original kinetic energy, as some of this is converted to heat and sound energy to reduce damage to passenger area through smaller forces. As crumple zones are placed in strategic locations, the collapse is controlled and energy from impact is directed away from passenger area. Road design Speed humps and low speed zones Local councils introduced Speed Humps to reduce the overall speed of cars. Evidence shows that slower moving cars cause less damage to occupants if a crash results. It has been estimated that risk of death or serious brain damage doubles with every 16km/h over 80km/h. Speed humps restrict drivers from speeding as hitting the hump too fast can cause car damage. Low speed zones also reduce the speed of cars. A reduction of speed will reduce the chance of an accident as drivers have more time to react as well as decreasing the change in momentum and associated inertial forces in collisions. The police enforces speed signs and limit zones and speeding is monitored by speed cameras. In NSW, the general urban limit is 60 km/h for roads in built up areas where there are pedestrians. Crash Barriers Crash barriers are road design features that absorb the impact of collisions. They are constructed out of steel, concrete or wire. Some types of rigid crash barriers cannot absorb much of the kinetic energy of the vehicle, but keep the vehicle on the road and prevent crashing into more dangerous roadside hazards or cars from opposite direction. Crash barriers should be relatively weak with energy absorbing structures so that they can deform easily and transfer large amounts of kinetic energy to them in collisions. For barriers shielding against hazards such as trees, they need to be a fair distance away, as space is needed for it to deform. When a vehicle collides, the barriers deform and stop the vehicle through a plowing action, keeping the reaction forces relatively low. The impulse (change in momentum) is reduced, as the vehicle takes longer to slow down. The disadvantage of crash barriers is they may cause vehicle damage (crumpling) and rigid ones may deflect a car into the opposite lane. The advance of road safety The development of vehicles with greater size, power and momentum has resulted in the need for improvements in car safety devices and modern road design. The study of physics has allowed safety features in both the interior and exterior of cars to prevent large forces acting on passengers in collisions. This is why researchers and engineers are continually turning to laws of physics for advice. Road design features reduce initial velocity to reduce the risk of accidents as well as its impact on the passenger. Automotive safety companies are continuing to develop devices to improve vehicle safety, including inflatable seatbelts, 4-point seatbelts and knee airbags to name a few. With the large percentage of the population driving forces, momentum, impulse and energy are all factors that must be controlled as our lives depend on it.

Eating Behaviour and Perceptions of Body Image in School

Eating Behaviour and Perceptions of Body Image in School Eating behavior and perception of body image in school children Background Body dissatisfaction, which is defined as the discrepancy between perceived and ideal body image, can start during childhood (Smolak 2004) and can lead to eating and weight problems in adolescence (Stice 2002; McKnight 2003). Specifically, Stice 2002 reported that when an adolescent presents with body dissatisfaction the probability of engaging to dieting and eating habits that are precursors of eating disorders was increased. Besides that body dissatisfaction was linked to bulimia (Stice 2002). Moreover, McKnight 2003 suggested that school children who presented with thinner preoccupation were in greater risk of developing an eating disorder (McKnight 2003). In addition, body dissatisfaction has been associated with obesity, since obesity is an eating disorder risk factor (Fairburn, Welch et al. 1997; Mustillo, Worthman et al. 2003) and body image is a moderator of the risk of developing eating disorders (Dounchis, Hayden et al. 2001). Except from body dissatisfaction, eating proble ms in early childhood can lead to eating disorders in adolescence and early adulthood (Kotler, Cohen et al. 2001). A number of studies have focused on the relationship between eating styles that precede the development of eating disorders, and the perception of body image in various age groups like school children, adolescents and university students and have reported that individuals with high EAT and ChEAT scores were more likely to choose a thinner ideal body image and consequently had body dissatisfaction (Edlund, Halvarsson et al. 1996; Nishizawa, Kida et al. 2003; Gonà §alves, Silva et al. 2012; del Mar Bibiloni, Pich et al. 2013; Kutlu and Civi 2013). In more detail, Kutlu and Civi (2013) investigated the association between symptoms of eating disorders and body perception by using the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40) in university students and found that individuals who perceived themselves obese reported higher scores in the EAT-40 and thus demonstrated a relation between eating disorders and body image perception. Similar results were presented in a study that investigated the association between self-physique and symptoms of anorexia nevrosa in high school individuals in Japan and showed that students with an eating disorder often chose the thinnest ideal body image when compared to the students who did not have an eating disorder (Nishizawa, Kida et al. 2003). Additionally, Edlund et al. 1996 investigated the relation between the ChEAT, DEBQ questionnaires and body image in school girls and observed that girls with high ChEAT scores were more likely to diet and engage to restrained eating and these girls had a higher discrepancy between ideal and perceived body image. Other studies have focused on eating behaviors like restrained and emotional eating and the relation with perception of body image (Kapka-Skrzypczak 2012; Wiedemann and Saules 2013; Ohara, Kato et al. 2014). Ohara et al. 2014 investigated the association between eating behavior, by using the DEBQ questionnaire, and discrepancy of body image in Japanese university students and suggested that restrained eating was negatively associated with body dissatisfaction in both males and females. In addition, university female students with emotional eating had higher levels of discrepancy of body image. This pattern was not observed in males (Ohara, Kato et al. 2014). Wiedemann and Saules (2013) suggested that the positive association between emotional eating and weight problem perception, another term for body image perception, could be explained by the fact that individuals that perceive themselves as overweight engage to emotional eating because they experience strong emotions like anger, d epression or anxiety more often than individuals who are satisfied with their body image. Kapka-Skrzypczak (2012) studied the relationship between dietary habits in adolescents and young adults and reported that students that weren’t on a diet were more satisfied with their body image as compared to students that tried to lose weight. Another important fact that arises from the existing literature is that the majority of studies are cross-sectional and examine the association between eating disorders symptoms or eating behavior and body dissatisfaction in a specific point in time. This results in a lack of longitudinal data studying the exact pathway that connects eating behavior and the discrepancy between perceived and ideal body image. Moreover, most of the studies that were found during the literature search included adolescents and university students and only two studies investigated this relationship in school children (Edlund, Halvarsson et al. 1996; Gonà §alves, Silva et al. 2012). Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the association between eating behavior of school children (9 year old), reported by mothers, and the discrepancy of body image. For this purpose data from the Generation R study will be used. Additionally, eating behavior will be assessed by the Children’s Eating Beh aviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and the perception of body image by the Children’s Body Image Scale (CBIS). In conclusion, future studies should focus on younger ages, between 4-9 years old, because currently it is not known whether the association that is demonstrated by the aforementioned studies for adolescents and university students is present at this age group too. Furthermore, longitudinal studies investigating whether eating behavior of preschool children is a predictor of the perception of body image are needed and besides the individual and parental factors, sociocultural factors should be taken into consideration. Generation R Generation R is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life to young adulthood (Jaddoe, van Duijn et al. 2012). This study aims to investigate the causes (environmental and genetic) and the pathway that contribute to a normal or abnormal growth and consequently the state of health throughout fetal life, childhood and adulthood. In Generation R there are certain areas of research interest: maternal health, growth and physical development, behavioral and cognitive development, respiratory health and allergies, diseases in childhood, and health and healthcare for children and their parents. Generation R invited all pregnant women living in Rotterdam and were expected to deliver between April 2002 and January 2006. Furthermore, follow-up studies included children born by mothers that participated in the study. Participants had to sign a written informed consent in order to be able to participate in the study. Physical examinations and questionnaires were included in the a ssessments, where the majority (86%) of the questionnaires were filled out by parents. Generation R has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam. More information and details of Generation R can be found elsewhere (Jaddoe, van Duijn et al. 2012). Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) The CEBQ was developed in order to assess the eating behavior of children and study which eating styles lead to obesity and overweight (Wardle, Guthrie et al. 2001). Children’s eating behavior is reported by parents and consists of 8 eating behavior items: food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional overeating, desire to drink, satiety responsiveness, emotional undereating and fussiness. In order to measure these items a 5-point Likert scale is used and ranges from 1 to 5, where 1 denoted â€Å"never† and 5 â€Å"always† (Wardle, Guthrie et al. 2001). Children’s Body Image Scale (CBIS) The CBIS is an instrument that is used to assess the perception of body size in children (Truby and Paxton 2002). CBIS consists of 7 figures which have different versions for males and females. These 7 figures range from the thinnest body shape to the fattest (3rd to 97th NCHS percentiles) (Truby and Paxton 2002). Usually, children have to choose between these 7 figures the one that represents the perceived and the one that denotes the ideal body image. Covariates Child BMI, gender, ethnicity, maternal BMI and education will be included in the regression analysis as potential confounding variables (Gonà §alves, Silva et al. 2012; Baillie and Copeland 2013; Bergmeier, Skouteris et al. 2014; Sukariyah and Sidani 2014). It has been demonstrated that female high school students had higher scores on emotional eating and binge eating than males (Sukariyah and Sidani 2014). Additionally, Baile and Copeland (2013) observed that women had higher score on the Body Shape Questionnaire. An different pattern was reported in Goncalves et al. (2012), where boys who were not satisfied with their body image had higher score in the ChEAT questionnaire, a pattern that was not seen in girls who participated in the same study. Moreover, another study in Korean adolescents found that males had higher percentage of body image distortion and thus were in greater risk of developing an eating disorder than females (Hyun, Jung et al. 2014). BMI has been associated with body image dissatisfaction, since individuals with a higher BMI are more likely to be dissatisfied with their body image and engage to restrained eating (Jones and Crawford 2005; OHaver, Melnyk et al. 2009; Gonà §alves, Silva et al. 2012). Furthermore, differences in the magnitude of body image dissatisfaction concerning ethnicity have been suggested by some studies (Gluck and Geliebter 2002; Baillie and Copeland 2013). Glunk and Geliebter (2002) reported that Caucasians and Asians had a higher discrepancy of body image than African Americans and Caucasians scored higher on the eating disorder questionnaire than Asians and African Americans. Baillie and Copeland (2013) observed that Caucasians had a greater body dissatisfaction with their body image than Chinese but no differences were found concerning the scores on the eating disorder questionnaire (EAT-26). Lastly, maternal BMI and education have been associated with food fussiness in children (Bergmeier, Skouteris et al. 2014). Besides that, Goncalves et al. (2012) found that higher maternal BMI was associated with higher scores on the ChEAT questionnaire. Research question(s) Is there an association between eating behavior and the discrepancy between perceived and ideal body image? In case an association is present, which items from the CEBQ questionnaire are related with the discrepancy between perceived and ideal body image? Hypothesis This study will not be based on a specific hypothesis. Instead an exploration of the association between eating behavior and discrepancy of body image will be conducted in 9 year old children from the Generation R study. Methods Subjects In this study data were collected from both mothers and their children. Firstly, mothers provided information on their child’s eating behavior by filling out the CEBQ questionnaire, when their children were at the age of 9. Secondly, children at the age of 9 filled out the CBIS for the assessment of the perception of body image. In total data from approximately 4000 children are available at this point. Statistical Analysis CBIS provides ordinal data but usually it is treated as interval data (Collins 1991). From the CBIS questionnaire the variable discrepancy of body image will be created. Discrepancy of body image is defined as the difference of perceived-ideal body image. Plots to check whether the variables of interest are normally distributed will be done. Descriptive statistics will be performed for eating behavior items and body image (ideal, perceived and discrepancy of perceived-ideal) (mean scores and standard deviations). For this purpose statistical tests, parametric (ANOVA, χ2) and non-parametric tests for not normally distributed data will be done. Check correlation between confounding variables, eating behavior and body perception. Multiple linear regression will be performed where eating behavior (in the form of CEBQ scores) will be the outcome variable and discrepancy of body perception will be the independent/explanatory variable. Sensitivity analysis will be performed for the participants that didn’t have any missing values, in order to check whether individuals with missing data are different from individuals without missing data. Multiple imputation techniques will be used in order to check for missing data and avoid bias. Statistics SPSS 21 Period of thesis/internship 1 April 2015 – 31 August 2015 Investigation scheme: 1-24/04: Conducting literature search and writing research proposal 27/04-01/05: First acquaintance with dataset 04-08/05: Preparation of data analysis 11/05-05/06: Statistical Analysis and writing part of the report 08-12/06: Interpretation of results for the data analysis 15/06-22/07: Writing report 23/07-09/08 Holidays 10-17/08: Correcting and improving manuscript 18-21/08: Outline and submit report 24-31/08: Preparation of presentation and presentation References Baillie, L. E. and A. L. Copeland (2013). Disordered eating and body image in Chinese and Caucasian students in the United States. Eating Behaviors 14(3): 314-319. Bergmeier, H., H. Skouteris, et al. (2014). Child temperament and maternal predictors of preschool children’s eating and body mass index. A prospective study. Appetite 74(0): 125-132. Collins, M. E. (1991). Body figure perceptions and preferences among preadolescent children. International Journal of Eating Disorders 10(2): 199-208. del Mar Bibiloni, M., J. Pich, et al. (2013). Body image and eating patterns among adolescents. BMC public health 13(1): 1104. Dounchis, J. Z., H. A. Hayden, et al. (2001). Obesity, body image, and eating disorders in ethnically diverse children and adolescents. Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth: Assessment, prevention, and treatment: 67-98. Edlund, B., K. Halvarsson, et al. (1996). Eating Behaviours, and Attitudes to Eating, Dieting, and Body Image in 7à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ old Swedish Girls. European Eating Disorders Review 4(1): 40-53. Fairburn, C. G., S. L. Welch, et al. (1997). Risk factors for bulimia nervosa: A community-based case-control study. Archives of General psychiatry 54(6): 509-517. Gluck, M. E. and A. Geliebter (2002). Racial/ethnic differences in body image and eating behaviors. Eating behaviors 3(2): 143-151. Gonà §alves, S., M. Silva, et al. (2012). Disordered eating among preadolescent boys and girls: the relationship with child and maternal variables. Nutrients 4(4): 273-285. Hyun, M.-Y., Y.-E. Jung, et al. (2014). Factors associated with body image distortion in Korean adolescents. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 10: 797. Jaddoe, V. W. V., C. M. van Duijn, et al. (2012). The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2012. European journal of epidemiology 27(9): 739-756. Jones, D. C. and J. K. Crawford (2005). Adolescent boys and body image: Weight and muscularity concerns as dual pathways to body dissatisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 34(6): 629-636. Kapka-Skrzypczak, L. (2012). Dietary habits and body image perception among Polish adolescents and young adults-a population based study. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 19(2). Kotler, L. A., P. Cohen, et al. (2001). Longitudinal relationships between childhood, adolescent, and adult eating disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 40(12): 1434-1440. Kutlu, R. and S. Civi (2013). Evaluation of eating habits, body perception and depression status of university students. Gulhane Medical Journal 55(3): 196-202. McKnight, I. (2003). Risk factors for the onset of eating disorders in adolescent girls: results of the McKnight longitudinal risk factor study. American Journal of Psychiatry 160(2): 248-254. Mustillo, S., C. Worthman, et al. (2003). Obesity and psychiatric disorder: developmental trajectories. Pediatrics 111(4): 851-859. Nishizawa, Y., K. Kida, et al. (2003). Perception of selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ physique and eating behavior of high school students in Japan. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 57(2): 189-196. OHaver, J., B. M. Melnyk, et al. (2009). The Relationship of Perceived and Actual Weight in Minority Adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 24(6): 474-480. Ohara, K., Y. Kato, et al. (2014). Eating behavior and perception of body shape in Japanese university students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 19(4): 461-468. Smolak, L. (2004). Body image in children and adolescents: where do we go from here? Body image 1(1): 15-28. Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin 128(5): 825. Sukariyah, M. B. and R. A. Sidani (2014). Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Weight, Body, and Eating Related Perceptions among Lebanese High School Students: Implications for School Counseling. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 159: 184-191. Truby, H. and S. J. Paxton (2002). Development of the childrens body image scale. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 41(2): 185-203. Wardle, J., C. A. Guthrie, et al. (2001). Development of the childrens eating behaviour questionnaire. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42(07): 963-970. Wiedemann, A. A. and K. K. Saules (2013). The relationship between emotional eating and weight problem perception is not a function of body mass index or depression. Eating behaviors 14(4): 525-528. 1

Lincoln - Greatest Man Of The 19th Century :: essays research papers

The man of the nineteenth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many historians argue that American culture is based on Civil War and its outcome. It is easy to agree with that statement, because one cannot even imagine living in a slave-owning society that would most definitely develop if the South had won. Abraham Lincoln, America’s sixteenth President was the most influential man of the war. He was responsible for mobilizing the North’s power, getting people, both Republicans and Democrats, to sympathize with the Union cause and consequently, winning the war. This is what makes Lincoln the most influential man of the nineteenth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln was born into an â€Å"undistinguished family†. His parents died, when Lincoln was just a child, and he had to struggle greatly in order to get some education. Lincoln served as a captain in the Black Hawk War after which he continued with a law career. Lincoln spent eight years in the Illinois legislature. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Douglas in series of debates for Senator’s position. Although Lincoln lost, these debates won him the nomination of 1860. His greatest accomplishments were to come much later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Lincoln was inaugurated in 1861, he made it perfectly clear that the secession of the South was unconstitutional. He was willing to compromise with the South on the issue of slavery, the driving force behind South’s secession. Unfortunately, South was not interested in compromising. After the Fort Sumter was forced to surrender by the Confederate troops, Lincoln declared war. Since he was running a centralized government rather than the South that believed in states’ rights over central government, Lincoln was able to efficiently mobilize Union’s people and resources. That, of course, played an essential role in the final victory, and is one of Lincoln’s greatest accomplishments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The victory of the Union affects today’s society just as much, or maybe even more that the War for Independence. As mentioned, Civil War is the underlying event of American history and further formation of its culture. It is impossible to even conceive a society that would develop as a result of Confederate victory. Asides from being a slave owning and perhaps, a slave trading nation for many years, America would also lack a centralized government and much of its international power. No one knows how many years it would take for the Confederacy to abolish slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln, on the other hand, abolished slavery in 1863 , two years after the beginning of the war.

World Wide Consortium Essay -- Expository Internet Essays

World Wide Consortium Tim Bernes-Lee in 1989 created the World Wide Web, and in 1994 he and a few others established the World Wide Consortium. (a) The World Wide Consortium’s mission is â€Å"to lead the world wide web to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the web (a).† This is an international organization with a variety of members making up the organization. They all have a common goal which is to make the web standardized with rules and principles, and to date they have made over eighty recommendations.(a) The World Wide Consortium has had three long-standing goals. These are to provide universal access, a semantic web, and a web of trust. Universal access means â€Å"to make the Web accessible to all by promoting technologies that take into account the vast differences in culture, languages, education, ability, material resources, access devices, and physical limitations of users on all continents (a).† Semantic Web means to build a software setting that allows everyone to utilize the assets that are accessible on the World Wide Web. Web of trust means â€Å"to guide the Web’s development with careful consideration for the novel legal, commercial, and social issues raised by this technology (a).† In this paper I am limiting my discussion to universal access and the issues surrounding it. To help promote the three goals the consortium has also developed three design principles for the web. These principles are interoperability, evolution, and decentralization. For the web to have interoperability, a user needs to be able to use any hardware or software they want and still be able to access what’s on the web. When someone adds something to the web they need t... ...ortium and I knew nothing about the World Wide Consortium. It is good to know that there is a dedicated group setting guidelines and recommendation to achieve universal access to the web, making sure the web software is compatible o all users and is making the web a trusted way of doing business. I believe that this organization is helping the internet to continually grow successfully, and without this organization the internet probably would not be near as useful as it can be. People would probably just do what ever they felt like doing. I now realize how important it is to really think about a lot of issues when designing a website to make it universal accessible. Building a website is now not simply designing one, but also thinking about how everyone will be able to have access no matter what language they speak, how old they are, or if they have a disabled.

Immigration-Pauline Hanson Is Wrong :: essays research papers

Pauline Hanson’s view on migration is incorrect. Ceasing migration would not be good for Australia either culturally or economically. An intelligent and sophisticated immigration program, which focuses strongly on skilled and business migration, can have a beneficial impact on our economy. The National Multicultural Advisory Council, chair Neville Roach is a firm believer in continued immigration: â€Å"Australia is a multicultural society, he said. Our cultural diversity has been a strength and an asset in our development as a nation.† Migrants have been the heart of building Australia into a strong economy. Migrants in modern Australia create jobs and business opportunities and continue to add to the rich social and cultural fabric of Australian society. Business Skills migrants create on average six new jobs and invest millions of dollars into the economy. They have brought new ideas and new technology to the areas of medicine, science, information technology, mining, primary industry and business. Their familiarity with different cultures, languages and lifestyles as well as how overseas business works has helped local companies compete in Australia and overseas. The current Migration Program is balanced and targeted to meet our economic, environmental and international objectives. Expanding a vibrant economy depends on a large population, like for example, the USA and Japan. Immigration stimulates the economy through increased tax revenue, contribution of funds from overseas, participation in employment, spending on housing and increased consumption of goods and services. Research shows that migrants are less reliant on social security than people born in Australia. Surveys on business migration reveals that within two months of arrival, over half establish businesses employing an average of five staff. â€Å"Migrants both create jobs and take jobs. They increase the demand for goods and services, which leads to job creation. They bring in capital that can be used to invest in new businesses. They also increase the size of the labour force adding to Australia’s productive capacity. Migrants also increase and expand the labour force, adding to Australia’s productive capacity,† Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Phillip Ruddock said.

Data Security and Mobile Devices

Data Security and Mobile Devices Introduction: Mobile devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, and netbooks have become an integral part of everyday business operations. Millions of people log into their company’s secure network on mobile devices via wireless Internet or even accessing their email, making sensitive data more susceptible to data theft and hacking. Mobile technology is advancing at such a fast pace, making it harder for IT managers to keep up with newly emerging threats. Since the smartphone emerged in the business scene, cybercrime has increased exponentially.Data security has now become the main focus for most IT managers in larger corporations. What are some of the risks associated with using mobile devices in business operations? Human error is the biggest risk associated with data security when it comes to using mobile devices. This is mostly due to loss of theft of a smartphone or other mobile device. In a study conducted in Washington DC last year, tax i drivers counted the number of mobile phones that were left behind in taxis over a six month period. Over eighty-three hundred phones were recovered.That was almost twenty-five times the number of laptops that were left in the taxis during the same period. Although all corporate laptops are password protected, few have password protection on their mobile devices. (Phifer) â€Å"According to Credent Technologies, eighty-eight percent of mobile devices carry valuable information- from patient, customer and employee records, financial statements, and passwords,† (Phifer). Because so few people PIN-lock their phones, all of this sensitive data can easily fall in to the hands of a hacker.Mobile users often auto save their username and passwords to avoid monotonous reentry. This gives the hacker access to any information available to theft victim. Another major risk associated with the use of mobile devices is mobile malware. Most mobile operating systems lack the anti-virus and o ther security feature that are found on laptops. This makes mobile devices susceptible to viruses such as Trojan and worms. Doombot is a Trojan virus that is designed to affect all mobile operating platforms such as Android, iOS, and blackberry. It is transferred through MMS and Bluetooth (Panda Security).What are some techniques used by IT managers to minimize security risks with mobile devices? It is vitally important to the cyber security of a company for IT managers to constantly be assessing the security of their network. Some important steps managers are taking are education, visualization, conservative defaults, hard switching, and most importantly manager and employee training. Educating employees about the risks of using mobile devices is important because the human element poses the greatest risk to the cyber security of the company.Its important for the firm to have a training program in place so all employees know how to protect themselves and the company. Visualization is also important in constant uphill battle of cyber security. Managers must constantly be looking for the latest threats against the network and try to find a solution before a breach occurs. Conservative default settings on the firm’s network prevent employees from viewing non-secure websites and also from downloading files from places from outside the company’s network.This would allow employees to still download attached files from intra-company email but would prevent the downloading of files that might be infected with a virus. (Nykodym) IT managers also use outside contractors to monitor a company’s network security. Companies like BlueFire Mobile Security cater to the rapidly expanding reliance on mobile devices. Their services provide protection for lost or stolen devices, information encryption, and security while on the Internet. They also offer protection for a company’s wired network as well.They provide intrusion prevention, firewall, authen tication, and encryption for the entire network. Contracts with companies like BlueFire are often made with smaller firms or with firms who want to reduce the size and budget of their IT department. (Computer Security Update) How significant was the increase of cyber attacks when mobile devices became part of everyday life? Smartphones exploded on the business scene in the mid 2000s. They provided the convenience of accession of vital information from anywhere.According to Sharia Panela’s article for GMA News , â€Å"between 2007 and 2012, small and medium businesses reported steadily increasing web attacks. Malware, phising, and other types of violation surged by 35 percent while email attacks soared by 12 percent† (Panela). All of these types of attacks are in a large part due to the lack of security on mobile devices. In Norton’s 2012 Cybercrime Report, the total price tag on consumer data cybercrime was $110,000,000,000. China leads the pack with a total los s of $46 billion and the Unites States coming in second with a total loss of $21 billion.With Apps for everything from mobile banking to syncing work and personal email, people have more sensitive data on their phone than ever before. The Cybercrime report concludes with the changing face of cybercrime. The new frontier for hackers is social media websites and new mobile devices. (Palmer) Conclusion: With all of the new developments in cyber security hackers always seem to be one step ahead. Smartphones and other mobile devices have become such an important part of everyday business employees. These devices are a virtual candy store for hackers, a one-stop shop for all of the data stored on the device.If the device is lost or stolen, it can be used to access the internal network of the firm and extract private data about customers or financial information. Mobile Security has come to the forefront of the IT department’s agenda in larger data driven firms. Although they implem ent measures to prevent security breaches, the human element is the most damning. Managers need to provide educational programs for their employees to learn about proper use of mobile devices on company networks. Works Cited â€Å"Computer Security Update. † Computer Security Update. 8. 4 (2007): 1-4.Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Nykodym, Nick. â€Å"Journal of Politics and Law. † Journal of Politics and Law. 5. 1 (2012): 1-6. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Palmer, Adam. â€Å"Norton Cybercrime Report 2012. † Norton Cybercrime Report 2012. (2012): n. page. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Panela, Sharia. â€Å"Personal gadgets raise risk of cybercrime in workplace. † GMA News Online. GMA Network Inc. , 18 2012. Web. 4 Nov 2012. Phifer, Lisa. â€Å"Business Communications Review. † Business Communications Review. (2007): 23-25. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Virus Encyclopedia . † Panda Securities. Panda Worldwide, Web. 4 Nov 2012.

Caledonia Products Integrative Problem Essay

The following observation will describe the decisions made by a financial analyst who is working for the capital budget department at Caledonia Products. The organization has asked Team B to evaluate the potential risk involved in an upcoming transaction and identify several options in how to proceed. Because this is the team’s first assignments dealing with risk analyzes the team has been ask to further explain the details. The organization analysis will focus on free cash flows, projection of cash flows, projects initial outlay, cash flow diagram, net present value, internal rate of return, and if the project should be accepted. Why focus on project free cash flows Team B believes that Caledonia should focus on the project’s free cash flows and not the accounting profits. Evidence exists that the accounting profits will be earned by the project because there is a positive cash flow to the shareholders. With any investment there is the expectation that there will be an increase to the firm’s cash flow. Free cash flow is the total cash available to creditors who have invested their monies to finance the project. Accounting profits includes costs such as depreciation, interest, and taxes to run a business therefore it should not affect free cash flows. The project free cash flows range from year zero to year five and illustrate how much Caledonia Products will benefit if they choose to take on this project. Projection of project in years one through five There is annual working capital requirement of $100,000 to initiate the project. The incremental cash flows for the project in years one through five shows increase. For each year, the total investment in net working capital will be equal to 10% of the dollar value of sales for that year. In year one free cash flow is $2,100,000 in year two $3,600,000, which means fist year increase of $1,500,000, and it is about 53% increase. In year two 23% increase and year three to four decreases of 28%, and in year five free cash flow is $1,560,000, which means 43% decrease. Year-1:$2,100,000 Year-2:$3,600,000 Year-3:$4,200,000 Year-4:$2,400,000 Year-5:$1,560,000 Initial outlay This project’s initial outlay includes the necessary capital needed to purchase fixed assets and ensure they are in operating order to start the project. Cost of new plant and equipment: 7,900,000 Shipping and installation cost: 100,000 Initial working capital required to start the production: 100,000 8,100,000 The initial outlay for this project is $8,100,000 Cash flow diagram $3,956,000$8,416,000$10,900,000$8,548,000$5,980,400 ($8,100,000) Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return Unit Price x units sold 1:$21,000 2:$36,000 3:$42,000 4:$24,000 5:$15,600 Therefore, NPV = $94,575.83 NPV Values for Years 1: $18,260.90 2: $27,221.17 3: $27,615.68 4: $13,722.40 5: $7,755.98 The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 12.61% Project Conclusion Deciding on whether to follow through with a project is done by evaluating either the internal rate of return or net present value. According to Investopedia, â€Å"All other things being equal, using internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) measurements to evaluate projects often results in the same findings† (Investopedia, 2013). If comparing one project to another, the one with the higher rate or return would be the more favorable one. In this instance several projects were not compared, and the IRR is below the current discount rate, which makes the project not feasible. The problem with IRR, however, is that it does not take into account changing discount rates. As market conditions and other factors change, so does the IRR. Net Present Value (NPV) on the other hand, takes changing rates into account and is a calculated using very complex formula taking many factors into account for each stage of the project. If the Net Present Value is calculated to be above zero, or positive, it is considered to be feasible, and the project should be accepted. Our calculations show the NPV in each year to be positive and believe that the project in this case should indeed be accepted. References: Investopedia US, A Division of ValueClick, Inc. . (2013). Internal Rate Of Return – IRR. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp#axzz2HtkRBF6q

IPSec Tunnel and transport Modes Essay

Computer networking security is one of the primary concerns of any network systems. In this case, protecting the data transferred between channels should be a primary concern for any entities that use networking. This article will discuss IPSec Tunnel and Transport Modes. IPsec is short for Internet Protocol Security. This is a special suite to secure the Internet protocol data transfers and communication by encrypting each packet of data stream. IPsec may also include protocols so that mutual authentication can be established between any agents during sessions of data transfers. One of the main reasons why IPsec is used is to protect the integrity of data that flows from one channel to another, say for example between a computer and a user or a computer to a server. What is IPSec transport mode? In this mode, only the payload or the data that the user transfers is encrypted for authentication (Technet Microsoft, 2005). The routing of data in this mode is intact so there is no modification possible. The transport schemes are always secured by a hash. Transport mode is commonly utilized for host-to-host transfers and communications. On the other hand, with the IPsec tunnel mode, the whole of the IP packet is encrypted and authenticated before communications happen (Technet Microsoft, 2005). It is encased into a newly generated IP packet with a new header. Usually, tunnel more is used to build a Virtual Private Network for such a network to network communications or host to network communications. The tunnel mode can be applied to any of the following: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2 (Technet Microsoft, 2005).

Natural Disaster Responses in California

For years, geologists have been predicting that a major earthquake will occur in california. In october 1989, a 7.1 quake hit the san francisco area. Five years later, northridge and southern california experienced an earthquake of similar magnitude. Why too many people is still coming to places like california where earthquakes and natural disasters are predicted? In my point of view, these are the strongest reasons: the most popular place to emmigrate, job opportunities, and better schools, education, and systems. California is the most popular place to emmigrate because it has a great weather, there are too many touristic atractions, many different places you can go to, and there is too many people that come from the same place you came from. I want to use mexican people as an example, they all come for one reason, â€Å"Succed†. They also know they will find a lot of people from mexico in california, specially in los angeles.They also kown that probably about half of the people california would talk spanish so I won†t be really hard for them to communicate with others. Job opportunities is another really strong factor that induces people to come and look for a better life. There are so many jobs in california that is almost a sure thing that anyone would get a job, educated or not educated people, or even if you are not legally able to work in usa you will still get a job. You can easily support yourself with a minimun wage, because you will probably get about 45 or 50 dollards a day when in places like mexico you will just get five dollards for the whole day and doing a really heavy job. Also relatively speaking, everything is expensive in mexico, I mean, here you can get or buy whatever you need for a low price, and you will still have some money left, but in mexico, you will never have enough money unless you are in the high class. â€Å"Schools,† california has great schools, great education level, and better systems than other places. Ucla and usc are some of the great universities california has and if you think about it, everything is related, if you go to a good school and become a really educated person, you will get a really good job and make really good money and then you won†t really worry about a good future because with your education that wiil be garranty. Scientist, doctors, and some other educated people come to usa, not only to california because of all technology that is here and can be helpul. A lot of support from schools, people, and business are another reasons teat encourages you to keep going and get better everyday, and if one day you decide to go back to the place you came from your education will open lots of doors for you. In my personal point of view, I think some people are aware of the disasters that are predicted, some others don†t care or just don†t believe it, nad the other part just come to make some money and come back to their native places. It is a true fact that so many people is still coming to california and when you hear about those things that are predicted, I†m sure you ask yourself why do people still come if they are aware of what†S going on? , well if you think about it I†m sure you will come out with almoist the same answers I just told.

Legal Thinking, Legal Logic, and Legal Philosophy Essay

Legal Thinking, Legal Logic, and Legal Philosophy - Essay Example Interpreting the law from different perspectives is a better approach to achieving justice. When using the constructive approach, interpretation of the law is more realistic because of its application to the specific situation at hand. Legal realism is the most appropriate legal philosophy for front-line supervisors in my profession. Notably, Holmes, who was a famous jurist in the United States Supreme Court, developed the approach. According to legal realism, the law defines the morality of the society. For this reason, the law has the role of promoting, redirecting, as well as hindering moral views. Supervisors should rely on legal realism and consider the law as an effective system for prediction of future outcomes if certain moral laws are broken (Posner, 2013). Moreover, supervisors who rely on legal realism do not let emotions confuse their analytical capability. Additionally, legal realism ensures that the supervisors do not base their judgments on their feelings, but rather focus on what is right. Legal realism promotes proactive behavior in supervisors who should focus on maintaining justice in all instances. Finally, legal realism ensures that supervisors can separate their opinions and emotions while ma king effective legal

(The topic of the article) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(The topic of the article) - Essay Example The Samsung phones although not as technologically superior, advertise the pros they have very well and thus get due recognition. Secondly, another difference is that Samsung invests a lot in and makes its phone launches a large, flashy party of sorts which serves to attract more customers. HTC on the other hand, although has joined this trend with the launch of the One x, is not doing its launch on the scale and with all the glitter and glamour that Samsung uses and which attracts potential consumers. Thirdly, HTC really needs to pick up its sales figures. Because Samsung is a larger company, it is able to meet sales quotas, unlike HTC which is smaller and had to â€Å"roll out† sales when the HTC One x was launched. HTC’s inability to meet production and sales quotas also means that it gets left behind in the race to capture more market share. Lastly, but importantly, the success of an android phone also depends on how well it collaborates with network carriers. Samsu ng beats HTC here as well and is featured prominently on the marketing efforts of all prominent carriers in the USA and HTC remains over shadowed by it. Since network carriers get consumers on long term contract basis, HTC loses out on a considerable market share as the carriers promote Samsung more and customers are thus diverted away from HTC and onto Samsung phones. Personally, I am in complete agreement with the points of view provided in this article comparing HTC and Samsung. The average customer does indeed not realize nor use the full feature capacity that phones like the Galaxy S4 and the HTC One x offer, however this does not mean that HTC takes a step down from its vantage point of technological superiority. To play this subtle strength to their advantage, the only thing they need to do is step up their advertising. Increased marketing budgets and efforts and generally more prominent advertisement of HTC’s superior features will help the customers realize its super ior capabilities and maybe this will help in shifting the trend away from Samsung and towards HTC. There are a number of people who are tech savvy and realize and appreciate the superior quality and features that HTC offers them; however the challenge is to spread this trend in the entire market. Although Samsung is using more or less the same amount and types of features in their phones compared to HTC, they put in a handful of flashy features which although not very function add to the glitter and over all appeal of the Samsung phones. Furthermore, companies like HTC need to realize the changing market dynamic and implement the changes they will need to incorporate to adapt to these changing market dynamics and manipulate them to their advantage. Secondly, the issue of not collaborating will with the network carriers is an important aspect of gaining market share for android phones in the market. HTC particularly has a reputation of being a hassle for network carriers to deal with and thus the business relationship cannot be characterized as friendly and is terse at best. Due to this negativity, carriers are not inclined to push HTC’s phones in their advertising campaigns or otherwise to their competitors. In the same vein, when the supply of HTC’s phones is so unstable in the market, consumers who originally wanted an HTC will sometimes settle for competitors’

Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theology - Essay Example By nature, man is a religious being. His belief systems, and his concept of his Maker, make up a very core part of his personality. Religious activities, such as going to church, are the norm in every society. Non-believers constitute a miniscule minority in the world. Culture, social activities and even politics, are all based on religion. In this context, religious studies serve as an essential tool to the understanding of ourselves and of the society in which we live. It is no longer possible to live in a ‘religious vacuum,’ solely consisting of the knowledge of one’s own religion. The magic of technology has shrunk the world, and borders are increasingly becoming mere geographical features. The free movement of people has brought all religions together in close proximity. For example, practices such as transcendental meditation and yoga, which were previously considered to be a part of religion, are now a part of the culture of healthy living. When I consider my choice of a liberal education, I realize that the main attraction is the opportunity to gain a holistic education, which will help me develop a well-rounded personality.

Will shale gas rock the world the role of shale gas in changing the Literature review

Will shale gas rock the world the role of shale gas in changing the dynamics of the future energy markets - Literature review Example For instance, the recent publication of the International Monetary Funds World Economic Outlook 2012, identify the oil price as one of the downside risks that will stall the global economy this year.1 Given the volatility of the situation in the Middle East this problem is expected to remain for a long period of time. This is in addition to the fact that forecasts are projecting the decline of the golden age of oil as supply starts to run short. A report by major oil companies revealed that the growth of oil production outside of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) will slow to a stop and that by 2015, the Middle East will monopolize that global oil demand, which is almost 1000 gallons per second.2 The experience during the 1970s of a global shortage wherein there was a lack of adequate supply and the price dramatically increased is still fresh. These are the reason why there is a mad scramble for alternative energy sources today. Being able to successfully e xtract oil from different energy sources would mean independence from foreign oil and the negative impact it entails. Shale oil is one of these alternative fuel sources. The changing energy outlook as with the increasing interest on shale oil is consistent with all modern-day assessments of global energy futures, which according to P. Edwards, V. Kuznetsov and W. David (2007), emphasizes the argument that growth in demand for energy must be met increasingly by a diverse energy mix.3 Change as a result of the coming shortage of oil is inevitable. This paper will provide an overview of the current status and prospects for shale oil. For this purpose a brief history will be provided as well as an explanation of shale oil as an energy resource and a discussion as to why it will play an important role in the global attempt to find alternative fuel sources. Oil shales are generally rocks that have high proportion of â€Å"kerogen†. This

Health Organization Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Organization Case Study - Essay Example The above portrays the national focus of the Group, as will be discussed below. UnitedHealth Group Inc., was created in 1977, and is currently the single largest health care in America having initially started with the introduction of the first seniors’ health plan that was network-based. By the year 1984, it was ready to join the securities exchange, becoming a publicly traded entity. J.D. Power and Associates’ recent rating of the entity, as having the highest employer satisfaction in terms of self-insured health plans, is one of its many accreditations, which continue to portray its positive presence in American society. Adding to this was its 2011 accreditation by the American Medical Association (UnitedHealth Group, 2014). According to the Fourth Annual Report Card, as portrayed by UnitedHealth Group (2014) out of the seven national health insurance firms evaluated; in terms of the accuracy and timeliness of claims processing, United Healthcare was placed in pole position. This is concerning metrics such as approval, processing and payment, where the firm led its industry peers in – Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) Accuracy and Contracted Fee Schedule Match Rate. The latter, is an indicator of how often insurance claim payments match the contracted fee schedules. The former pertains to measurements of the rate at which the physician practices’ projected allowed amount equals that of the insurer’s permitted amount. Thus, accordingly, the Business Insurance Magazine named the firm as the overall ‘readers last choice’ winner (2010) for its great role as the most excellent health plan provider. On the converse, the entity rated last, concerning the metric, which covers the required medications and procedures. Further still is the fact that a survey in the same year, of hospital executives who had interacted with the firm, resulted in the firm

Effects of Engery Drinks on the Human Body Essay

Effects of Engery Drinks on the Human Body - Essay Example The energy drinks are beneficial and effective when consumed in right quantity and in right combination where the individual responses vary from person to person. All possible negative effects known to date are only because of their inappropriate usage and all the effects are reversed once refrained from these drinks. The negative effects of energy drinks are; Blood pressure and heart related problems: Caffeine and taurine in the energy drinks effects the functioning of heart and affect blood pressure and also alter the effectiveness of their medications. The increased body metabolism by the energy drinks causes impairment in blood pressure which could adversely affect cardiac functioning. Hence people with Hypertension and heart problems are advised to refrain from energy drinks. Combination effects: Generally all energy drinks contain caffeine. Caffeine in combination with other drinks exerts different effects. However when combined with alcohol like vodka it is proved to be lethal due to the combination of two opposite qualities where alcohol is a depressant and energy drink is a stimulant (Istvan and Matarazzo, 1984) where as caffeine in combination with glucose with herbal flavoring fractions improve aspects

September 11, 2001, was a day this country will never forget Essay

September 11, 2001, was a day this country will never forget - Essay Example Suddenly, my grandpa emerged from the drawing room and cried out, â€Å"Hey, come inside and see what’s happening on the TV †¦ An aircraft has collided with one of the Twin Towers in New York!† Hearing this, we went running to the drawing room to see the television. And that is how I witnessed the September 11 attacks. At first, we thought that it was an accident. But as soon as another jet airliner collided with the South Tower, we understood that our country had been attacked. The September 11 attacks had profound immediate effects like anger, fear, and astonishment, which loomed over each and every citizen of the United States. The wave of anger and urge to serve Soon after the hijacked airplanes collided with the Twin towers, the structure began to collapse. I saw the horrible footage of the towers going down in smoke through the live telecast by CNN on the television. I was just trying to understand that what could have happened to the innocent people who were trapped inside. The immediate effect on me was anger. I was angry to see so many of my own people being killed in that atrocious way. I decided at once that I would take part in the rescue and relief operation. Later, I participated in the blood donation camps. Moreover, I made monetary contributions to the families of the victims of the attack through the organizations like Coalition of 9/11 Families. The fear about air travel Also, there was a short lived feeling of fear in me after I witnessed the September 11 attacks. Although this was not a sign of having strong character, I was frightened as I thought about hijackers. At the night, I had a nightmare that I was trapped in an airplane, which had been hijacked by terrorists. Since we frequently take flights to go to different cities and places, the specter of hijacking was really appalling. In the weeks following the September 11 attacks, I was shocked as I came to know that an ATC Zero condition had been established right after the terrorist attacks. Immediately after those attacks, all the airspace of North America had been closed and thousands of air passengers had been stranded in the different airports. I had never heard of such things happening before. Astonishment due to government response Besides anger and fear, another effect of the September 11 attacks on me was astonishment. I was bewildered to know that how the Bush administration had initially responded to the event. In March 2002, an article written by Francie Grace had been published via the CBS News website. In the article, Grace wrote, â€Å"President Bush had established a ‘shadow government’, moving dozens of senior civilian managers to secret underground locations outside Washington to ensure that the federal government could survive a devastating terrorist attack on the nation’s capital†. President Bush had taken this step in September, 2001 just after the terrorist attacks took place. However, the nation, i ncluding the powerful US Congress, came to know about it only after a period of almost half a year! I was filled with astonishment as I reflected on the practice of secrecy by the government. It was so strange indeed that such a secretive and agile machinery had actually failed to prevent the September 11 attacks. Conclusion In conclusion, I would like to state that the September 11 attacks on the Twin Towers and Pentagon changed the lives of each and every American. The effects of the attacks manifested as feelings of anger, fear, and